Rudravarna Mahavihar (Okubahal)
रुद्रवर्ण महाविहार·ओकुबहाल
An ancient 6th-century Newar Buddhist monastery in Patan with three interconnected courtyards, renowned for its exquisite stone and metal sculptures.
Dedicated To
Vajrayana Buddhist shrine
Period
6th century CE
Hours
6:00 AM – 6:00 PM
Entry Fee
Free
Neighborhood
Okubahal, Patan
Location
Lalitpur, Bagmati
Visiting Etiquette
Remove shoes before entering courtyard shrines. Walk clockwise around chaityas. Photography may be restricted inside inner courtyards. Dress modestly and be respectful of ongoing rituals.
Rudravarna Mahavihar (Okubahal), located in Patan, Nepal, is an ancient Newar Buddhist monastery dating back to the 6th century. Traditionally founded by King Shivadeva and later renovated by King Rudradeva, the Mahavihar is renowned for its architectural and cultural significance.
The monastery comprises three interconnected courtyards, each serving distinct purposes: the main courtyard is the spiritual heart with a central shrine, chaityas, and ritual artifacts; the second courtyard houses living quarters for priestly families and meditation spaces; and the third courtyard contains smaller shrines, ceremonial spaces, and intricate artistic elements, including stone and metal sculptures.
The entrance is marked by 17th-century stone lions, and the site features ornate Garudas, finely carved wooden windows, bells, vajras, and statues donated over centuries.
Historically, Rudravarna Mahavihar is both a religious and civic center, hosting Vajrayana Buddhist rituals, royal ceremonies, and community gatherings. Today, it remains an active monastery, preserving centuries-old Newar craftsmanship, spiritual practices, and a serene, authentic atmosphere for visitors.