Kasthamandap

Kasthamandap is the legendary structure from which Kathmandu derives its very name — Kastha (wood) Mandap (pavilion). Tradition holds that this three-storey public shelter was built from the wood of a single enormous sal tree during the Licchavi period, making it one of the oldest wooden structures in Nepal.

Historically, Kasthamandap served as a dharmasala (public rest house) for pilgrims and traders at the intersection of major trade routes between India and Tibet. Over the centuries, a shrine to Gorakhnath was installed on the ground floor, and the building became a site of Hindu and Buddhist worship.

The original structure collapsed entirely during the April 2015 earthquake, devastating the people of Kathmandu. Archaeological excavation of the site revealed that the foundations date to the 7th century CE — far older than previously believed — making Kasthamandap potentially one of the oldest wooden buildings in the world.

Reconstruction began in 2019 using traditional Newari techniques and salvaged original timbers where possible. The rebuilding is a national endeavour, combining heritage conservation with community pride. The new Kasthamandap follows the original design: a three-tiered pagoda-style structure with open sides on the ground floor, restored carvings, and the Gorakhnath shrine at its centre.

The site stands at the southern entrance to Durbar Square, at the junction known as Maru Tole — still one of the busiest crossroads in old Kathmandu.